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The terms past and present when said of deverbal forms do not refer to the meaning of the forms but to their formation, i.e. past adverbs and participles are formed from the past stem of the verb and present adverbs and participles are formed from the present (non-past) stem of the verb:
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participle
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key form
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stem
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present (non-past)
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пќшущий
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пќшут
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пиш-
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past
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написђвший
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написђть
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пис-
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The meaning of present participles and deverbal adverbs is not present time, but rather simulataneous action, that is, action simultaneous with the main verb of the sentence.
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Thus, in example (1) the present participle is translated with an English present tense because the verb говорќт is in the present tense, but in example (2) the same participle is translated with an English past tense because the verb говорќл is in the past tense:
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(1) Ћн говорќт с детьмќ, игрђющими на џлице.
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He is talking to the chilren who are playing outside.
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(2) Ћн говорќл с детьмќ, игрђющими на џлице.
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He was talking to the children who were playing outside.
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The subject of a deverbal adverb is the subject of the main clause, but the subject of a participle is the noun it agrees with in case, gender and number:
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Ћн говорќл с детьмќ, игрђя на џлице.
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He was talking to the children [while he was] playing outside.
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Ћн говорќл с детьмќ, игрђющими на џлице.
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He was talking to the children [who were] playing outside.
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