| поднимать/поднять рукуa (or рукиa) | to raise one's arm(s)/hand(s) |
| Поднимите руки вверх и согните в локтях. | Raise your arms and bend them at the elbows. |
NB The above expression is also used in reference to voting procedure: | |
| Кто за это предложение, прошу поднять руку. | Whoever is for the proposal, raise your hand. |
| Руки вверх! | Hands up! |
NB The above phrase is an order to surrender. | |
| опускать/опустить рукуa (or рукиa) | to lower one's arm(s) |
|
стоять [no Pf.] рукиn по швамd;
стоять [no Pf.] рукиn навытяжку |
to stand at attention (lit. "with one's arms at one's sides") |
NB The phrases стоять руки по швам and стоять руки навытяжку, above, describe a response to the military command Смирно! "Attention!" | |
| прикладывать/приложить рукуa к козырькуd | to salute |
NB The gesture described above is used in the military. | |
| висеть/повиснуть: у Ng бессильно висят рукиn; у Ng рукиn висят, как плети | N's arms hang listlessly |
| сгибать/согнуть рукуa (or рукиa) | to bend one's arm(s) |
| разгибать/разогнуть рукуa (or рукиa) | to straighten one's arm(s) |
| разводить/развести рукиa (в стороныa) | to spread one's arms |
|
разметать [no Impf.] рукиa в стороныa;
разметать [no Impf.] рукиa во снеp |
to fling one's arms out (in one's sleep) |
| Мальчик спал, разметав руки в стороны. | The boy was asleep, his arms flung out to the sides. |
| отводить/отвести рукиa назад | to put one's arms behind one's back |
NB The above phrase describes the motion of putting one's arms behind one's back, then arching them upwards; it is a gesture made by someone about to dive, or while doing calisthenics. | |
| вытягивать/вытянуть рукиa | to stretch one's arms out |
| висеть/повиснуть на вытянутых рукахp | to hang by the arms |
| подавать/подать рукуa Nd | to offer one's hand to N (in order to shake hands) |
| Вот тебе моя рука! | You have my word on it. (lit. "Here's my hand!") |
NB The above phrase accompanies an extended hand, and is usually used when one is making a promise, offering help, or extending friendship. | |
| протягивать/протянуть рукуa Nd | to extend one's hand to N |
NB The above phrase is used to describe an offer to shake one's hand. | |
| (крепко) пожимать/пожать рукуa | to shake someone's hand (firmly) |
| Я протянул ему руку и он крепко пожал её. | I held out my hand to him and he shook it firmly. |
| стискивать/стиснуть Nd рукуa | to squeeze N's hand (in a firm handshake) |
| припадать/припасть к рукеd | to kiss someone's hand |
| Я припал к её руке. | I kissed her hand. |
| приставлять/приставить рукуa (or рукиa) ко ртуd | to cup one's hand(s) around one's mouth |
NB The above phrase describes cupping one's hand(s) around one's mouth in order to magnify one's voice. | |
| смотреть [no Pf.] из-под рукиg | to shade one's eyes with one's hand |
NB The above phrase is used to describe a gesture used to protect one's eyes from the sun or other sources of light. | |
| совать/сунуть рукуa в карманa | to put one's hand in one's pocket |
| сжимать/сжать рукуa (в кулакa) | to clench one's hand (into a fist) |
| разжимать/разжать рукуa (or кулакa) | to unclench one's hand/fist |
| протягивать/протянуть рукуa (or рукиa) к Nd | to extend one's arm(s) toward N |
| Он протянул руки к огню (or к Наташе, etc.). | He extended his arms toward the fire (or to Natasha, etc.). |
| подносить/поднести рукуa к Nd | to bring one's hand close to N |
| отдёргивать/отдёрнуть рукуa от Ng | to jerk one's hand away from N |
NB In the above two expressions N cannot refer to a person. | |
| скрещивать/скрестить рукиa на грудиp | to cross one's arms over one's chest |
| закладывать/заложить рукиa за спинуa (or за спинуa) | to put one's hands behind one's back |
| Он нервно бегал по комнате, заложив руки за спину. | He ran around the room nervously with his hands behind his back. |
| заводить/завести рукиa за головуa (or за головуa) | to raise one's arms and place one's hands behind one's head |
NB The above phrase describes a motion made by someone stretching or doing calisthenics. | |
| закидывать/закинуть рукиa за головуa (or за головуa) | to clasp one's hands behind one's head |
NB The above phrase describes a position of relaxation, whether one is sitting, lying, or standing. | |
| обнимать/обнять колениa рукамиi | to hug one's knees |
| махать/помахать, махнуть [Pf-once] Nd рукойi | to wave to N |
NB The phrase махать N рукой, above, usually describes a gesture of farewell, as distinct from the phrase махнуть [no Impf.] рукой на N meaning "to give up, to decide not to worry or not to bother about N." | |
| Брат махнул нам рукой и скрылся за поворотом. | My brother waved to us, and then disappeared around the curve. |
| размахивать [no Pf.] рукамиi | to gesticulate too much; to wave one's arms |
NB The above phrase indicates broad gestures, such as waving one's arms to call attention to oneself, swinging one's arms as one walks, or gesticulating excitedly in conversation. | |
| Не нравится мне этот актёр: кричит, размахивает руками. | I don't like that actor; he screams and gesticulates too much. |
| взмахивать/взмахнуть [Pf-once] рукамиi | to wave one's arms, to flap one's arms |
| Он как-то странно взмахнул руками и упал. | He flapped his arms in a strange way and fell. |
| обвивать/обвить рукиa вокруг шеиg Ng Bookish | to twine one's arms around N's neck |
NB The above phrase describes a gesture most often made by women and children. | |
| Она бросилась к мужу и обвила руки вокруг его шеи. | She ran to her husband and twined her arms around his neck. |
| обнимать/обнять Na | to hug, embrace N |
| ходить [no Pf.] (or гулять [no Pf.]) под рукуa | to walk/stroll arm-in-arm |
| брать/взять Na под рукуa | to take N's arm |
| брать/взять Na под рукиa | to grasp N under the arms (to support or restrain him) |
| Санитары взяли больного под руки. | The orderlies supported the patient under his arms. |
| держать [no Pf.] Na под рукуa | to have N on one's arm |
| Молодой человек держал под руку девушку невысокого роста. | The young man had a petite young woman on his arm. |
NB Note that only the singular form под руку is used in this sense in the above expression; for an expression with the plural form, see below. | |
| держать [no Pf.] Na под рукиa | to hold N under the arms (to support or restrain him) |
| Солдаты крепко держали арестованного под руки. | The soldiers held the prisoner tightly by the arms. |
| отводить/отвести в сторонуa рукуa | to push someone's hand away |
| Шофёр отводит в сторону руку Олега с рублём. | The driver pushed Oleg's hand with a ruble in it aside. |
| выводить/вывести Na за рукуa | to take N out by the hand |
NB The above phrase describes a punishment, usually of children who have misbehaved. | |
| Колю вывели за руку из-за стола и отправили спать. | Kolya was taken by the hand from the table and sent to bed. |
| предлагать/предложить Nd рукуa | to offer N one's arm |
| опираться/опереться на рукуa Ng | to lean on N's arm |