Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose beard it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
Катя потрогала бороду Коли. Katya touched Kolya's beard.
Катя потрогала колину бороду. Katya touched Kolya's beard.
Его борода была густая и жёсткая. His beard was thick and stiff.
NB When the word борода functions as a subject and has no descriptive modifier, the construction борода у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
Борода у него была густая и жёсткая. His beard was thick and stiff.