затІлок back of the head and neck, nape

back of the head
Ї смотрљл на егћ крџглый затІлок и старђлся не отставђть. I watched the round back of his head and tried to keep up.
back of the neck
Ћн потёр свћй крђсный от смущљния затІлок, нћ ничегћ не сказђл. He rubbed the back of his neck, which had turned red from embarrassment, but he said nothing.
nape
Вћлосы у неё бІли сћбраны на затІлке в тугћй џзел, а на вискђх зђвиты в мљлкие кудрїшки. Her hair was gathered into a tight knot at the nape of her neck, and curled in small ringlets on her temples.

Semantics

This entry is concerned with the word затІлок, denoting the back of the head and neck in humans. The corresponding term for animals is загрќвок.

Morphology

затІлок SS (о) m.in.noun

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose head and neck these are
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
Онђ вќдела пљред собћй затІлок отцђ. She saw the back of her father's head in front of her.
ЗатІлок егћ бІл совершљнно седћй. His hair was all grey in back.
NB When the word затІлок functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction затІлок у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
ЗатІлок у негћ бІл совершљнно седћй. His hair was all grey in back.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

затІлочек back of the head

Syntactic derivatives

затІлочный Anatomical occipital
затІлочная кћсть occipital bone

Appearance

жќрный затІлок fat neck, fat back of the neck
костлївый затІлок bony neck, bony back of the neck
выдавђться [no Pf.]: у Ng затІлокn выдаётся the back of N's head juts out, sticks out
выдаєщийся затІлок; вІпуклый затІлок a head with a prominent or protruding back
срљзанный затІлок; скћшенный затІлок; стёсанный затІлок a head with the back angling inward towards the neck
плћский затІлок a head with a flat back
крџглый затІлок round back of the head
крљпкий затІлок a strong, sturdy neck
нљжный затІлок a delicate neck
крђсный затІлок red neck, red back of the neck
седћй затІлок a head with grey hair in back
брќтый затІлок a shaved back of the head
Шагђешь и вќдишь тћлько брќтый затІлок впередќ идџщего. You keep on walking and all you see is the shaved back of the head of the guy in front of you.

Sensations

болљть/заболљть [Pf-begin]: у Ng болќт затІлокn N has a pain in the back of his head
бћль в затІлкеp pain in the back of the head or neck
ломќть [no Pf.]: Nd затІлокa лћмит the back of N's head aches
тїжесть в затІлкеp a feeling of pressure in the back of the head or neck
чџвствовать/почџвствовать затІлкомi взглїдa to feel that someone behind you is looking at you

Inflicting and sustaining injuries

ударїться/удђриться затІлкомi о Na;
стџкаться/стџкнуться затІлкомi о Na
to hit the back of one's head against N
шмїкнуться [no Impf.] затІлкомi Colloquial to bump the back of one's head
NB The above expression is used to describe striking the back of one's head on the floor or ground when falling backwards.
разбивђть/разбќть Nd/(себљd) затІлокa to smash/bang the back of N's/one's head
ударїть/удђрить Na по затІлкуd;
дђть [no Impf.] Nd по затІлкуd Colloquial;
врљзать [no Impf.] Nd по затІлкуd Colloquial
to hit/whack N on the back of the head
NB The above two expressions are usually used as threats:
Сейчђс кђк дђм (or врљжу) по затІлку! I'm gonna give you one on the head!
подзатІльник a blow, a whack, a cuff on the back of the head
давђть/дђть Nd подзатІльникa to cuff N on the back of the head
проломќть [no Impf.] Nd затІлокa to fracture N's skull
рђна на затІлкеp a wound in the back of one's head
пускђть/пустќть Nd пџлюa в затІлокa to shoot N in the back of the head, to put a bullet in the back of N's head
NB For a suicide the expression пустќть себљ пџлю в висћк (or в лћб) is used.

Movements and gestures

чесђть/почесђть в затІлкеp;
почёсывать [no Pf.] в затІлкеp;
скрестќ/поскрестќ [Pf-awhile] в затІлкеp
to scratch the back of one's head, to scratch one's neck
NB The above expressions usually indicate a state of perplexity.
«А чтћ тепљрь дљлать?» Старќк ничегћ не отвљтил и тћлько почесђл в затІлке. "So what do we do now?" The old man didn't answer, he just scratched the back of his head.
сдвигђть/сдвќнуть шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на затІлокa to push one's hat (or fedora, cap, etc.) to the back of one's head
залђмывать/заломќть кљпкуa на затІлокa to shove one's cap to the back of one's head
NB The above expression describes a particularly energetic gesture, showing a lot of perk, daring, etc. Therefore шлїпа "fedora" and шђпка "hat" are not very often used in this expression.
... рыжевђтый, вихрђстый молодћй человљк в залћмленной на затІлок клљтчатой кљпке... [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта] ... young man with a mop of shaggy red hair, in a plaid cap pushed well back on his head... [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]

Other expressions

сбивђться/сбќться: у Ng вћлосыn сбќлись на затІлкеp N's hair is tangled in back
свђливаться/свалїться: у Ng вћлосыn свалїлись на затІлкеp N's hair is matted in back
съезжђть/съљхать: шђпкаn съљхала Nd на затІлокa N's hat slipped to the back of his head
идтќ [no Pf.] в затІлокa дрџг дрџгу;
шагђть [no Pf.] в затІлокa дрџг дрџгу
to walk single file
стрћиться/пострћиться в затІлокa;
становќться/стђть в затІлокa
to form a line, single file; to form up in a column
чџвствовать затІлкомi чљй-то взглїдa to feel somebody's eyes boring into the back of your head

Sample texts

Виднљлась седђя головђ Кутџзова, с егћ бљлою с крђсным окћлышем фурђжкой и седІм затІлком, утонџвшим в плљчи. [Л. Толстћй, Войнђ и мќр] Kutuzov's grey head was sunk between his shoulders. One could see the red-banded white cap, and a strip of grey hair between cap and shoulders. [L. Tolstoy, War and Peace]
Ї глїнул на егћ крљпкий, крђсный затІлок и повторїть вопрћса не стђл. [Ф. Горенштљйн, Послљднее лљто на Вћлге] I took one look at his sturdy red neck and decided not to repeat the question. [F. Gorenshteyn, "My Last Summer on the Volga"]
... ћн... дџмал о тћм, что, вљрно, никогдђ, никогдђ ћн не узнђет блќже бђрышни с чёрным бђнтом на нљжном затІлке... [В. Набћков, Мђшенька] ... he... thought that he would probably never, never get to know her better, the young lady with the black bow on her delicate nape... [V. Nabokov, Mary]
И жљнщины глядїт из-под рукќ,
В затІлки нђши брќтые глядїт. [Б. Окуджђва]
And the women gaze after us, shading their eyes with their hands, staring at the shaved backs of our heads. [B. Okudzhava]