язІк tongue

Љсли сљрдце заболќт, положќте однџ таблљтку нитроглицерќна под язІк. If you get a chest pain, put a nitroglycerine tablet under your tongue.

Semantics

This entry is primarily concerned with the use of the word язІк denoting the human tongue. It may also refer to animals. The expressions that refer specifically (or usually) to the tongues of animals are so marked. Common sense will dictate which words and expressions can or cannot be used to refer to animals or humans. The word язІк also denotes animal tongue as food; this meaning is not described in this dictionary; nor is the meaning "language."

Morphology

язІк EE m.in.noun

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose tongue it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
ЯзІк больнћго бІл бљлый. The patient's tongue was white.
Нџ-ка, мђльчик, покажќ мнљ свћй язІк! Come on, little boy, show me your tongue!
NB When the word язІк functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction язІк у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
ЯзІк у больнћго бІл бљлый. The patient's tongue was white.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

язычћк tongue
NB The diminutive form язычћк also means "uvula."

Augmentatives

язычќще tongue

Syntactic derivatives

язІчный lingual, tongue (as modifier)
язІчные мІшцы tongue muscles
языкћвый tongue (as modifier)
языкћвая колбасђ tongue sausage, sausage made from beef and pork tongue
NB The adjective языковћй (different stress) is semantically related to the word язІк in the meaning "language."
-язІчный -lingual
перѓднеязІчный соглђсный front consonant
зЃднеязІчный соглђсный back consonant
срѓднеязІчный соглђсный medial consonant

Parts

кћнчик языкђg tip of the tongue
кћрень языкђg root of the tongue
спќнка языкђg back of the tongue
Appearance, conditions, and sensations

Size and shape

длќнный язІк long tongue
корћткий язІк short tongue
большћй язІк big tongue
мђленький язІк small tongue
ћстрый язІк (or язычћк) sharp tongue
NB Ћстрый язІк (or язычћк) also means sharp tongue in the sense of "sarcastic and witty."
Котёнок бІстро слизнџл мђсло своќм ћстрым язычкћм и убежђл. The kitten licked off the butter with its sharp little tongue and ran away.

Color and tactile properties, including those due to illness

крђсный язІк red tongue
рћзовый язІк pink tongue
бљлый язІк white tongue
жёлтый язІк yellow tongue
налёт на языкљp a patch/spot on one's tongue
NB The condition described by the above phrase may be caused by a cold, sore throat or some digestive disorder.
обметђть [no Impf.]: у Ng язІкa обметђло;
обложќть [no Impf.]: у Ng язІкa обложќло 		N's tongue is furred, N's tongue is spotty
облћженный язІк; обложнћй язІк furred, spotty tongue
шершђвый язІк rough tongue
нљжный язІк soft tongue
сухћй язІк dry tongue
Собђка лизђла моє рџку своќм сухќм шершђвым языкћм. The dog licked my hand with its rough, dry tongue.
мћкрый язІк wet tongue
воспалённый язІк inflamed tongue

Sensations and medical conditions; inflicting and sustaining injuries

щипђть [no Pf.]: у Ng язІкa щќпет N's tongue is burning
NB The above expression refers to sensations caused by acidic food.
горљть [no Pf.]: у Ng язІкn горќт N's tongue is burning
NB The above expression refers to sensations caused by spicy food.
прћбовать/попрћбовать Na на язІкa to taste, to try, to sample N
Ћн попрћбовал сђло на язІк и одобрќтельно кивнџл. He tasted the smoked fatback and nodded approvingly.
распухђть/распџхнуть: у Ng язІкn распџх N's tongue is swollen
распџхший язІк swollen tongue
NB Although the verb опухђть (Pf. опџхнуть) is used with some body parts, it is not used with the word язІк.
ворћчаться [no Pf.]: у Ng язІкn с трудћмi ворћчается;
ворћчать [no Pf.]: с трудћмi (or тяжелћ) ворћчать языкћмi 		N can barely move his tongue
У неё, кђк чђсто бывђет у ћчень стђрых людљй, язІк распџх и с трудћм ворћчается. As happens with a lot of very old people, her tongue has swollen and she can barely move it.
обжигђть/обжљчь (сљбеd) язІкa to burn one's tongue
їзва на языкљp a canker on one's tongue
У людљй, страдђющих гастрќтом, на языкљ чђсто появлїются їзвы. People suffering from gastritis often get cankers on their tongues.
рђнка на языкљp a sore on one's tongue
(нечђянно) прикџсывать/прикусќть (себљd) язІкa to bite one's tongue
NB The above phrase also means "to stop talking in order to avoid being indiscreet or creating an embarrassing situation."
вырывђть/вІрвать Nd язІкa to tear out N's tongue
Когдђ бљглого рабђ поймђли, емџ вІкололи глазђ, отрљзали џши и вІрвали язІк. When they caught the runaway slave, they poked out his eyes, cut off his ears and tore out his tongue.

Speaking

слџшаться [no Pf.]: Ng язІкn не слџшается N's tongue won't obey, N is unable to speak
заплетђться [no Pf.]: у Ng язІкn заплетђется N is incoherent, N is unable to speak (lit. "N's tongue is tied in knots")
NB The above expression is often used when describing the speech of someone who is drunk, or otherwise unable to speak normally.
прилипђть/прилќпнуть: у Ng язІкn прилќп к гортђниd N is struck dumb (lit. "N's tongue has stuck to his larynx")
NB The above expression is used to describe a state of fear or embarrassment.

Movements and gestures

клђсть/положќть Na на (or под) язІкa to place N on/under one's tongue
Љсли сљрдце заболќт, положќте однџ таблљтку нитроглицерќна под язІк. If you get a chest pain, put a nitroglycerine tablet under your tongue.
проводќть/провестќ по Nd языкћмi to run one's tongue over N
Ћн положќл письмћ в конвљрт, провёл языкћм по крђю и заклљил конвљрт. He put the letter in the envelope, licked the flap, and sealed the envelope.
лизђть/облизђть, облизнџть [Pf-once] языкћмi Na to lick N
Онђ облизнџла языкћм пересћхшие гџбы. She passed her tongue over her dry lips.
слќзывать/слизђть языкћмi Na1 с Ng2 to lick N1 off of N2
Медвљдь раскђпывает мурављйники и, положќв на нќх лђпы, с жђдностью слќзывает с нќх длќнным языкћм муравьёв. The bear digs up anthills, and, placing his paws on them, greedily licks the ants off with his long tongue.
перекђтывать [no Pf.] Na языкћмi во ртџloc to roll N around in one's mouth with one's tongue
Вместо тогћ, чтћбы проглотќть таблљтку, ребёнок перекђтывал её языкћм во ртџ. Instead of swallowing the pill, the child rolled it around on his tongue.
прижимђть/прижђть язІкa к нёбуd to press one's tongue to the roof of one's mouth
прижимђть/прижђть язІкa пђлочкойi (or лћжечкойi etc.) to depress the tongue with a tongue-depressor (or spoon, etc.)
Дћктор прижђл кћлин язІк пђлочкой. The doctor used a tongue-depressor to hold down Kolya's tongue.
сворђчивать/свернџть язІкa трџбочкойi to curl one's tongue into a little tube
ловќть/поймђть Na языкћмi to catch N with one's tongue
щёлкать/щёлкнуть, прищёлкнуть [Pf-once] языкћмi;
цћкать/цћкнуть [Pf-once] языкћмi 		to click one's tongue
Ивђн Петрћвич хлебнџл борщђ и одобрќтельно цћкнул языкћм. Ivan Petrovich drank the borsch and clicked his tongue approvingly.
покђзывать/показђть язІкa to stick out one's tongue
— Покажќте язІк! — сказђл врђч. "Stick out your tongue," said the doctor.
покђзывать/показђть язІкa Nd;
высћвывать/вІсунуть язІкa (or кћнчикa языкђg) 		to stick out one's tongue (or the tip of one's tongue)
NB When using the second of the two phrases, above, in colloquial speech, the person who is the object of such teasing may be described with a noun in the Dative case (whereas with the first of these phrases the style is neutral):
Натђша пришлђ всї в слезђх. «Кћлька мнљ вІсунул язІк!» Natasha came home all in tears. "Kolka stuck his tongue out at me!"
высћвывать/вІсунуть язІкa to let one's tongue hang out
вІсунутый язІк a tongue hanging out of one's mouth
NB When высћвывать язІк and вІсунутый язІк refer to an animal, it usually means that the tongue is hanging out because of exhaustion.
Собђка бежђла с вІсунутым языкћм. The dog ran with its tongue hanging out of its mouth.
свљшивать/свљсить (нђ бок) язІкa to hang one's tongue out
NB The above expression is used to refer to animals.
подвќжный язІк mobile tongue
NB The above expression usually refers to an animal's tongue.
Смотрќ, какћй у неё [кћшки] рћзовый подвќжный язІк! Look what a lively pink tongue it [the cat] has!

Sample texts

Евдоксќя свернџла папирћску, провелђ по нљй языкћм, пососђла её и закурќла. [И. Тургљнев, ОтцІ и дљти] Yevdoksiya rolled a cigarette, licked it, sucked on it, and lit it. [I. Turgenev, Fathers and Sons]
— Какќе уж тџт врачќ, — тяжелћ ворћчая языкћм, отвљтил ї. [Вадќм Шљфнер, Дљвушка у обрІва] "Why bother with doctors?" I answered, barely able to move my tongue. [Vadim Shefner, The Girl at the Precipice]
Ћн ловќл языкћм послљдние кђпли, мљдленно вытекђвшие из флїги. He caught on his tongue the last drops, which dribbled slowly out of the flask.
Впередќ обыкновљнно бежђл, свљсив нђбок длќнный рћзовый язІк, бљлый пџдель Артћ... [А. Купрќн, Бљлый пџдель] The poodle Arto usually ran in front, his long pink tongue hanging lopsidedly out of his mouth... [A. Kuprin, "The White Poodle"]