toe: Entire Entry

пђлец² toe

Во врљмя прогџлки ћн натёр пђльцы на лљвой ногљ.

During the hike he got blisters on the toes of his left foot.

Semantics

Russian differs from English in that the word пђлец may mean either "finger" or "toe." Only the meaning "toe" is described in this entry, as well as the corresponding part of an animal's paw, "digit, toe." Common sense will dictate which words and expressions can be used to refer to an animal's digits. Because of the potential ambiguity of the Russian word пђлец "finger; toe" the following expressions are used to distinguish between toes and fingers:

пђльцы рџк_g (or на рукђх_p)	fingers
пђльцы нћг_g (or на ногђх_p)	toes

Without any such indication and without a clear context, the word пђлец is more likely to be understood to mean "finger" than "toe."

Morphology

пђлец SS (е) m.in.noun

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose toe it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive

Пђльцы дљвочки торчђли из открІтых носкћв сандђлий.	The open-toed sandals showed the girl's toes.
Её длќнные обезьїньи пђльцы торчђли из открІтых носкћв сандђлий.	The open-toed sandals showed her long, simian toes.
NB When the word пђлец functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction пђлец у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
От ходьбІ пђльцы у неё распџхли.	Her toes swelled up from walking.

Restrictive modifiers

(a) Noun phrase: Adj + Genitive of ногђ
(b) Prepositional phrase: на + (Adj) + Prepositional of ногђ

NB Note that (b) is more common than (a).
пђльцы лљвой/прђвой ногќ	the toes of the left/right foot
пђльцы на лљвой/прђвой ногљ	the toes on the left/right foot
У неё распџх большћй пђлец лљвой ногќ (or на лљвой ногљ).	The big toe of her left foot had swollen up.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

пђльчик

toe

Different toes

большћй пђлец	the big toe
мизќнец	the little toe
NB Although there is a Russian name for each finger, only the big toe and the little toe have their own names. There is no standard way to refer to the second, third, and fourth toe.

Parts

фалђнги	phalanges, the bones of the toes
нћготь	toenail
подџшечка пђльца_g	the pad of the toe
кћнчик пђльца_g	the tip of the toe

What it is a part of

ногђ	foot
пђльцы лљвой ногќ	the toes of the left foot
NB Note that one does not use the synonym ступнї in this phrase.

Appearance, conditions, and sensations

Size and shape

длќнные пђльцы	long toes
корћткие пђльцы	short toes
тћлстые пђльцы	plump toes
прямІе пђльцы	straight toes
кривІе пђльцы	crooked toes
скрєченные пђльцы	gnarled toes

Toes exposed to cold

замерзђть/замёрзнуть: у N_g замерзђют пђльцы_n нћг_g (or на ногђх_p)	N's toes are very cold, freezing
NB One is more likely to say simply У N_g замёрзли нћги_n "N's feet are cold."
*сгибђться [no Pf.]: у N_g не сгибђются пђльцы_n нћг_g (or на ногђх_p)*	N's toes don't bend
Ћй, кђк нћги замёрзли! Пђльцы не сгибђются!	Oh, my feet are so cold! I can't bend my toes!
*одеревенљть [no Impf.]: у N_g одеревенљли пђльцы_n нћг_g (or на ногђх_p)*	N's toes are stiff
*не чџвствовать [no Pf.] пђльцев_g на ногђх_p*	to not feel one's toes
отморђживать/отморћзить (себљ_d) пђльцы_a нћг_g (or на ногђх_p); обморђживать/обморћзить (себљ_d) пђльцы_a нћг_g (or на ногђх_p)	to get frostbitten toes
обморћженные пђльцы	frostbitten toes

Medical conditions; sustaining injuries

*нарывђть [no Pf.]: у N_g пђлец_n на ногљ_p нарывђет*	N has an infection in his toe
распухђть/распџхнуть: у N_g пђлец_n на ногљ_p распџх	N's toe is swollen
*болљть/заболљть [Pf-begin]: у N_g пђлец_n на ногљ_p болќт*	N's toe hurts
ушибђть/ушибќть N_d/(себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p	*to injure N's/one's toe*
*порљзать [no Impf.] N_d/(себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p*	*to cut N's/one's toe*
укђлывать/уколћть N_d/(себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p	*to prick N's/one's toe*
вывќхивать/вІвихнуть N_d/(себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p	*to dislocate N's/one's toe*
ломђть/сломђть N_d/(себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p	*to break N's/one's toe*
*занозќть [no Impf.] (себљ_d) пђлец_a на ногљ_p*	to get a splinter in one's toe
натирђть/натерљть (себе_d) пђльцы_a на ногђх_p	to get blisters on one's toes

Movements

*шевелќть/зашевелќть [Pf-begin] пђльцами_i нћг_g*	to move/wiggle one's toes
сгибђть/согнџть пђлец_a ногќ_g	to bend one's toe
поджимђть/поджђть пђльцы_a нћг_g	to curl one's toes
растопІривать/растопІрить пђльцы_a нћг_g	to splay one's toes

Sample texts

Пошевелќв пђльцами нћг, Стёпа догадђлся, что лежќт в носкђх... [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта]	*Wiggling his toes, Styopa guessed that he was lying there in his stocking feet... [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]*
Ї отдљлался тљм, что обморћзил пђльцы на лљвой ногљ.	Luckily, I got off just with frostbitten toes on my left foot.

пђлец2 toe