кулђк fist

Сейчђс ї бџду мљрить вђм давлљние. Сожмќте рџку в кулђк и не разжимђйте, покђ ї вђм не скажџ. Now I'm going to check your blood pressure. Clench your fist, and don't release it until I tell you to.

Semantics

This entry is concerned with the use of the word кулђк only with reference to a part of the human body; it cannot refer to animals.

Morphology

кулђк EE m.in.noun

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose fist it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
Онђ с џжасом смотрљла на огрћмные кулакќ Сергљя. Horrified, she stared at Sergey's enormous fists.
Егћ кулакќ бІли крљпко сжђты. His fists were tightly clenched.
NB When the word кулђк functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction кулђк у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
Кулакќ у негћ бІли крљпко сжђты. His fists were tightly clenched.

Restrictive modifiers

(a) adjectival modifier
лљвый/прђвый кулђк the left/right fist
У негћ бІл сжђт прђвый кулђк. His right fist was clenched.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

кулачћк fist

Augmentatives

кулачќще fist

Syntactic derivatives

кулђчный fist (as modifier)
кулђчный бћй fist fight
кулђчная распрђва vigilante justice when the culprit is beaten by a mob
Appearance and other properties

Size and other visible properties

большћй кулђк a large fist
огрћмный кулђк an enormous fist
мђленький кулђк; (мђленький) кулачћк a small fist
грћзный кулђк a large, scary-looking fist
волосђтый кулђк a hairy fist
сухћй кулђк a dried up, withered fist
Ћн... уходќл..., врљмя от врљмени останђвливаясь, оборђчиваясь и помђхивая мђленьким, сухќм кулакћм. [Г. Газдђнов, НочнІе дорћги] He... was walking away..., from time to time stopping, turning around, and waving his small, withered fist. [G. Gazdanov, Night Roads]
белљть/побелљть: у Ng кулакќn побелљли N's knuckles (lit., "fists") turned white
Ћн тђк крљпко сжђл подлокћтники крљсла, что у негћ побелљли кулакќ. He held onto the arms of the chair so tight his knuckles turned white.

Strength

крљпкий кулђк a strong fist
могџчий кулђк a powerful fist
желљзный кулђк; свинцћвый кулђк; литћй кулђк; тяжёлый кулђк; пудћвый кулђк an iron fist
NB The literal meanings of the above phrases are: свинцћвый кулђк "a fist of lead," литћй кулђк "a fist of cast metal," тяжёлый кулђк "a heavy fist," пудћвый кулђк "a heavy fist" (the word пудћвый refers to an obsolescent Russian unit of measure; 1 пџд = 16.38 kilograms).

Threatening and fighting; hitting people and things

грозќть/погрозќть Nd кулакћмi;
покђзывать/показђть Nd кулђкa
to threaten N with one's fist
размђхивать [no Pf.] кулакђмиi any threatening gesture with fists, e.g. raising one's fists
NB The above phrase is said of someone who is prepared to fight, or who wants to give that impression so as to frighten an opponent.
замђхиваться/замахнџться кулакћмi на Na to raise a fist against N
заносќть/занестќ кулакќa над Ni to raise one's fists over N
С глазђми нђлитыми крћвью, Никанћр Ивђнович занёс кулакќ над головћй женІ... [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта] With blood in his eyes Nikanor Ivanovich raised his fists over his wife's head. [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]
замелькђть [no Impf.]: (в вћздухеp) замелькђли кулакќn fists started flying
ударїть/удђрить кулакћмi в лицћa (or в нћсa, в џхоa, etc.) to hit someone in the face (or nose, ear, etc.) with one's fist
удђр кулакћмi a blow from a fist
двќнуть [no Impf.] Nd кулакћмi в џхоa (or в нћсa, etc.) Colloquial;
двќнуть [no Impf.] Nd кулакћмi пћ ухуd (or пћ носуd, etc.) Colloquial;
съљздить [no Impf.] Nd кулакћмi в џхоa (or в нћсa, etc.) Colloquial;
съљздить [no Impf.] Nd кулакћмi пћ ухуd (or пћ носуd, etc.) Colloquial
to hit N in the nose (or ear, etc.) with one's fist
бќть [no Pf.] кулакћмi по лицџd (по спинљd, по головљd, etc) to beat somebody over his face (or back, head, etc.) with one's fist
разбивђть/разбќть Na кулакћмi to break N with one's fist
разбќть кулакћм окнћ to break a window with one's fist

Holding

держђть [no Pf.] Na в кулакљp to hold N in one's fist
сжимђть/сжђть Na в кулакљp to squeeze N in one's fist
зажимђть/зажђть Na в кулђкa to grasp N in one's fist

Other movements

стучђть/стџкнуть [Pf-once] кулакћмi по столџd;
ударїть/удђрить кулакћмi по столџd
to pound one's fist on a table
NB The above phrases describe a gesture of rage.
упирђть/уперљть кулакќa в стћлa (or в бумђгиa, etc.) to lean/prop one's fist on the table (or on the papers, etc.)
Рћберт подошёл к столџ и, уперљв грїзные кулакќ в какќе-то бумђги, сказђл... [Стругђцкие, Далёкая рђдуга] Robert went up to the table and, leaning his dirty fists on some papers there, said... [A. and B. Strugatskiy, The Distant Rainbow]
терљть [no Pf.] глазђa кулакћмi to rub one's eyes with one's fist
NB The above phrase usually describes the action of a child who is sleepy.
сжимђть/сжђть рџкуa в кулђкa to clench one's hand into a fist
сжимђть/сжђть кулакќa;
стќскивать/стќснуть кулакќa
to clench one's fists
NB The above phrases often describe a sign of anger.
сжђтые кулакќ; стќснутые кулакќ clenched fists
разжимђть/разжђть кулђкa to unclench/open one's fist
Дљвочка разжђла кулђк и показђла монљты. The girl opened her fist and showed the coins.
забирђть/забрђть бћродуa в кулђкa to hold one's beard in one's hand
NB The above phrase describes a contemplative gesture.
подпирђть/подперљть щёкуa кулакћмi to cradle one's cheek on one's fist (with one's elbow resting on a flat surface and one's cheek propped on one's fist)
подклђдывать/подложќть кулачћкa под щёкуa to put one's fist under one's cheek
NB The above expression is usually said of a sleeping child.
размђзывать/размђзать слёзыa кулакћмi to wipe tears away with one's fist
прІскать/прІснуть в кулђкa to suppress laughter by putting one's fist into one's mouth (lit. "to laugh into one's fist")
NB The above expression refers to a gesture of an uneducated and ill-mannered person.

Sample texts

— Поймќте, — сказђл ћн, повІсив гћлос и удђрив кулакћм по стћйке, — всё, что ї люблє в ітом мќре, іто вћт тђм... [Г. Газдђнов, НочнІе дорћги] "You have to understand," he said, raising his voice and striking the counter with his fist, "everything I hold dear in this world is right there..." [G. Gazdanov, Night Roads]
Гћсть потемнљл лицћм и погрозќл Ивђну кулакћм... [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта] The guest's face darkened and he threatened Ivan with his fist... [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]
Итђк, Пилђт поднїлся на помћст, сжимђя машинђльно в кулакљ ненџжную прїжку и щџрясь. [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта] And so, Pontius Pilate got up on the platform, mechanically squeezing the useless buckle in his fist and narrowing his eyes. [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]
Пагђва воздљл над головћй стќснутые кулакќ. — Кудђ? — заорђл ћн. — Назђд! [Стругђцкие, Далёкая рђдуга] Pagava raised his clenched fists over his head. "Where are you going?" he yelled. "Come back!" [A. and B. Strugatskiy, The Distant Rainbow]