крћвь blood

Ї запђчкал егћ крћвью всє своє одљжду. I got his blood all over my clothes.

Semantics

This entry is concerned with the use of the word крћвь to refer to human and animal blood. Common sense will dictate which of the expressions in this entry can or cannot be used to refer to animals or humans. The word крћвь is also used to refer to close kinship, e.g. лєди, блќзкие по крћви "close relatives," to temperament, e.g. горїчая крћвь "passionate nature," and to bloodshed, e.g. Не хотљлось бћльше крћви, не хотљлось ненџжных смертљй. "One didn't want any more bloodshed and unnecessary deaths." These meanings are not described in this dictionary.

Morphology

крћвь SE Loc. (в/на) -ќ, NPlur. крћви; f.in.noun
NB Irregular in phrases избќть (расшибќть etc.) дћ крови "to beat/strike someone/something until he/it bleeds."

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose blood it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
Крћвь инфекцићнного больнћго мћжет бІть опђсна. The blood of a contagious patient can be dangerous.
Крћвь егћ былђ густђя и тёмная. His blood was thick and dark.
NB When the word крћвь functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction крћвь у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
Крћвь у негћ былђ густђя и тёмная. His blood was thick and dark.
Actant 2: where the blood is
(a) на + Prepositional or на + Locative
Крћвь на губљ (or на лбџ, etc.) бІстро вІсохла. The blood on his lip (or on his forehead, etc.) dried quickly.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

крћвушка Folklore blood

Augmentatives

кровќща Colloquial blood

Syntactic derivatives

кровянћй blood (as modifier)
кровянће давлљние blood pressure
кровянће пятнћ a blood stain
кровђвый bloody; blood-colored
кровђвое пятнћ a blood stain
кровђвая пљна bloody froth (e.g. at the mouth of an overworked horse)
NB The adjective кровђвый, above, has two meanings directly connected with the word крћвь in the meaning of the entry: 1) "consisting of blood," e.g. кровђвое пятнћ "a blood stain," кровђвая лџжа "a pool of blood," кровђвая пљна "bloody froth"; and 2) "covered with blood," e.g. кровђвый бќнт "a bloody bandage," кровђвый нћж "a bloody knife." But the adjective кровђвый in the second meaning is not used to modify words describing clothing or parts of the body: the word окровђвленный is used instead, e.g. окровђвленная рубђшка "a bloody/bloodied shirt," окровђвленный висћк "a bloody temple," окровђвленный лћб "a bloody forehead," etc.

Expressing units of blood

кђпля крћвиg; кровќнка a drop of blood
сгџсток крћвиg a blood clot

Physical properties

густђя крћвь thick blood
тёмная крћвь dark blood
ђлая крћвь Bookish crimson blood
засћхшая крћвь; запљкшаяся крћвь dried blood

Medical properties

грџппа крћвиg blood type
крћвь пљрвой (or вторћй, трљтьей, четвёртой) грџппыg type O blood (or type A, type B, type AB)
венћзная крћвь venous blood
артериђльная крћвь arterial blood
свёртываемость крћвиg the blood's ability to coagulate

Medical conditions and medical check-up

заражљние крћвиg blood poisoning
кровоизлиїние internal bleeding, hemorrhage
гематћма hematoma
кровоподтёк a black and blue mark
малокрћвие; анемќя anaemia
белокрћвие; лейкемќя leukemia
гемофилќя hemophilia
анђлиз крћвиg a blood test
сдавђть/сдђть крћвьa на анђлизa to give a sample of blood for analysis
сдавђть/сдђть крћвьa to donate blood; to give a sample of blood for analysis
дћнор a donor
брђть/взїть крћвьa из пђльцаg (or из вљныg) to take blood from a finger (or vein)
переливђние крћвиg a blood transfusion
Num кџбиковg крћвиg Num cubic centimeters of blood
NB The above phrase describes a unit used to measure the volume of blood. Num denotes a number. Кџбик is an informal abbreviation of кубќческий сантимљтр "cubic centimeter."
Емџ перелќли 50 кџбиков крћви. He received a transfusion of 50 cc's of blood.
пускђть/пустќть Nd крћвьa to let blood, to bleed N
кровопускђние blood-letting; phlebotomy
Bleeding

General expressions

кровотечљние bleeding
кровоточќть to bleed
NB The verb кровоточќть is only used with the word рђна "wound" as a subject: Рђна всё ещё кровоточќт "The wound is still bleeding." Neither a person nor parts of the body may serve as the subject of this verb.
бІть [no Pf.] (вљсь) в кровќloc to be (all) bloody, to be covered with blood
Ћй, у тебї рџки в кровќ! Oh, your hands are all bloody!
NB The above expression can also be used as a secondary predicate:
Ћн прибежђл вљсь в кровќ. He ran in all covered with blood.

Constructions with blood as the subject of the clause

идтќ/пойтќ [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn идёт;
тљчь/потљчь [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn течёт 		N is bleeding
идтќ/пойтќ [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn идёт из нћсаg (or пђльцаg, etc.);
тљчь/потљчь [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn течёт из нћсаg (or пђльцаg, etc.);
струќться/заструќться [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn струќтся из нћсаg (or пђльцаg, etc.) 		N's nose (or finger, etc.) is bleeding; blood runs/streams from N's nose (or finger, etc.)
У негћ чђсто крћвь идёт (or течёт) из нћса. He has frequent nose-bleeds.
Из егћ рђны (or вискђ, etc.) струќлась крћвь. Blood streamed from his wound (or from his temple, etc.)
тљчь/потљчь [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn течёт по лицџd (or грудќd, etc.);
струќться/заструќться [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn струќтся по лицџd (or грудќd, etc.) 		blood is streaming down N's face (or chest, etc.)
По лицџ у негћ струќлась крћвь. Blood streamed down his face.
NB Note that the verb катќться is used in the phrases пћт катќлся по лицџ (or спинљ, etc.) "sweat streamed down his face (or back, etc.)" and слёзы катќлись по лицџ (or щекђм, etc.) "tears streamed down his face (or cheeks, etc.)," but it is not used with крћвь.
бежђть/побежђть [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn (or стрџйкаn крћвиg) бежќт из рђныg;
лќться/полќться [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn льётся (or льётся струёйi) из рђныg 		blood pours from N's wound (in a stream)
брІзнуть [no Impf.]: у Ng крћвьn брІзнула (струёйi);
хлІнуть [no Impf.]: у Ng крћвьn хлІнула (струёйi) 		N's blood gushed
хлестђть/захлестђть [Pf-begin]:
у Ng1 крћвьn хлещљт (струёйi) из Ng2;
брІзнуть [no Impf.]: у Ng1 крћвьn брІзнула (струёйi) из Ng2;
хлІнуть [no Impf.]: у Ng1 крћвьn хлІнула (струёйi) из Ng2 		blood is gushing from N's1 N2 (in a stream)
NB In the above phrases usually N2 is the word рђна "wound," although it may also refer to a part of the body.
кђпать/закђпать [Pf-begin]: у Ng1 крћвьn кђпает (из Ng2) blood drips from N's1 N2
NB N2 denotes part of the body, or a wound.
Из порљзанного пђльца (or Из рђны) у неё продолжђла кђпать крћвь. Blood continued to drip from the cut on her finger (or from the wound).

Constructions with the person as the subject of the clause

обливђться [no Pf.] крћвьюi;
истекђть [no Pf.] крћвьюi 		to bleed heavily
плђвать [no Pf.] в кровќloc to swim in blood
ОткрІли пелёнку. Ребёнок плђвал в кровќ. They unwrapped the swaddling clothes: the baby was swimming in blood.
терїть/потерїть крћвьa to lose blood
потљря крћвиg loss of blood

Stopping the bleeding

останђвливаться/остановќться: у Ng крћвьn остановќлась N stopped bleeding
останђвливать/остановќть крћвьa to stop the bleeding
кровоостанђвливающее срљдство a coagulant
засыхђть/засћхнуть: у Ng1 на Np/loc2 крћвьn засћхла;
запекђться/запљчься: у Ng1 на
Np/loc2 крћвьn запеклђсь 		the blood dried on N's1 N2
NB In the above expressions N2 denotes part of the body.

Other expressions

окровђвленный blood-covered
NB Unlike the word кровђвый, the adjective окровђвленный can only mean "blood-covered," and may modify an item of clothing and parts of the body: окровђвленный бќнт "a bloody bandage," окровђвленный нћж "a blood-covered knife," окровђвленный шђрф "a bloody scarf," окровђвленный висћк "a bloody temple," окровђвленный лћб a "bloody forehead," etc.
Ї увќдел окровђвленную рубђшку и всё пћнял. I saw the bloody shirt, and understood everything.
до крћвиg (or дћ кровиg) badly enough to draw blood
NB The phrase до крћви is used with избќть "to beat up," оцарђпать "to scratch, to claw," уколћться "to prick," порљзаться "to cut oneself."
разбивђть/разбќть Na в крћвьa (or до крћвиg) to strike N hard enough to draw blood
NB N denotes a part of the body, usually нћс "nose," лћб "forehead," губђ "lip," щекђ "cheek," скулђ "cheekbone," висћк "temple," затІлок "back of the head," головђ "head."
следІ крћвиg traces of blood
пїтна крћвиg blood stains
лџжа крћвиg a pool of blood
забрІзгивать/забрІзгать Na крћвьюi;
заливђть/залќть Na крћвьюi 		to splash N with blood
вытирђть/вІтереть крћвьa с Ng to wipe blood from N
вќд крћвиg the sight of blood
Ћн не перенћсит вќда крћви, емџ дљлается плћхо. He can't stand the sight of blood. It makes him sick.
сосђть/вІсосать крћвьa to suck blood
Вампќр вІсосал всє крћвь из свољй жљртвы. The vampire sucked all the blood out of his victim.
хђркать [no Pf.] крћвьюi to spit blood
кровохђрканье spitting blood
NB The above two expressions refer to the effects of tuberculosis.

Sample texts

Крћвь заливђла емџ глазђ, растекђлась по желобкђм морщќн. Ћн достђл носовћй платћк и мїгко, изїщно стђл промокђть ќм лицћ. Затљм свёл пђльцами краї рђнки и, когдђ отпустќл, крћвь ужљ не теклђ, подсыхђя крћшечной їркой кђпелькой. [Ю. Нагќбин, Приљзд] Blood poured into his eyes and along his furrowed cheeks. He took out a handkerchief and softly, delicately started to dab his face. Then he drew the edges of the wound together, and when he released them, the blood had stopped. It had congealed into a bright little spot. [Ju. Nagibin, "The Arrival"]
Из рђны хлестђла крћвь. Нђдо бІло любћй ценћй остановќть кровотечљние, инђче ћн мћг умерљть от потљри крћви. Blood gushed from the wound. The bleeding had to be stopped at any cost, or he could have died from loss of blood.
Многочќсленные насекћмые сосђли крћвь бљдных живћтных. A swarm of insects sucked the blood of the poor animals.