гћрло throat

У Пљти пересћхло гћрло. Pete's throat got dry.

Semantics

This entry is concerned with the use of the word гћрло to refer to the front of the neck of humans or animals, the inner soft tissue, and in some expressions, the neck (e.g. обвїзывать гћрло шђрфом "to wrap a scarf around one's neck"). Common sense will dictate which of the expressions can or cannot be used to refer to animals or humans.

Morphology

гћрло SS n.in.noun

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose throat it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
На гћрле убќтой бІли ссђдины. There were scratches on the dead woman's throat.
Гћрло егћ сќльно болљло. His throat was really sore.
NB When the word гћрло functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction гћрло у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
Гћрло у Пљти сќльно болљло. Pete's throat was really sore.

Lexical Relationships

Diminutives

гћрлышко throat

Syntactic derivatives

горловћй throat (as modifier); guttural; laryngeal
горловІе болљзни diseases of the throat
горловћй звџк guttural sound

Parts

миндђлины; глђнды tonsils
голосовІе свїзки vocal chords
дыхђтельное гћрло windpipe
пищевћд esophagus

Sensations, medical conditions and their treatment

сџхость в гћрлеp dryness in the throat
пересыхђть/пересћхнуть: у Ng гћрлоn пересћхло; у Ng в гћрлеp пересћхло N's throat went dry
NB The above expressions are often used to refer to feeling nervous or fearful.
комћк в гћрлеp a lump in someone's throat
стоїть [no Pf.]: у Ng комћкn стоќт в гћрлеp N has a lump in his throat
NB The above expression often indicates that N is on the verge of tears.
подступђть/подступќть: у Ng слёзыn подступќли к гћрлуd N is on the verge of tears
болљть/заболљть [Pf-begin]: у Ng гћрлоn болќт N's throat hurts
скрестќ/заскрестќ [Pf-begin]: у Ng гћрлоa скребёт N has a scratchy throat
NB The above expression usually refers to the dry, scratchy throat of a cold.
саднќть [no Pf.]: у Ng гћрлоa саднќт N's throat aches
дрђть [no Pf.]: у Ng гћрлоa дерёт Colloquial N's throat is irritated
NB The above expression is used to refer to an irritation produced by a cold or by spicy food.
першќть/запершќть [Pf-begin]: у Ng першќт в гћрлеp N has a tickle in his throat
крђсное гћрло a red throat
ангќна strep throat; tonsillitis; sore throat
нарІв в гћрлеp; абсцљсс в гћрлеp an abscess in the throat
тонзилќт tonsillitis
ларингќт laryngitis
полоскђть/прополоскђть гћрлоa to gargle
Ћх, как гћрло дерёт! Нђдо чђще полоскђть. My throat is so irritated! I have to gargle more often.
врђч џхо-гћрло-нћс;
горловќк Colloquial; отоларингћлог Formal 		an ear, nose, and throat doctor, otolaryngologist
идтќ/пойтќ [Pf-begin]: у Ng крћвьn пошлђ гћрломi N spit blood, N coughed up blood
NB The above expression is used to refer, for example, to the condition of a patient suffering from consumption.

Inflicting injuries

сжимђть/сжђть Nd гћрлоa;
хватђть/схватќть Na за гћрлоa 		to grab N by the throat
душќть/задушќть Na to strangle N
перегрызђть/перегрІзть Nd гћрлоa to rip N's throat out, to bite through N's throat
Тќгр брћсился на оленёнка и мгновљнно перегрІз емџ гћрло. The tiger fell upon the fawn and in an instant ripped its throat out.

Intake of food and beverages

вставђть/встђть: у Ng1 Nn2 встђл поперёк гћрлаg;
застревђть/застрїть: у Ng1 Nn2 застрїл в гћрлеp 		N2 got stuck in N's1 throat
NB N2 denotes a piece of food, a bone, etc.
попадђть/попђсть не в тћ гћрлоa to go down the wrong pipe

Throat and voice

прочищђть/прочќстить гћрлоa to clear one's throat
кричђть/закричђть [Pf-begin] (or орђть/заорђть [Pf-begin]) во всё гћрлоa to shout at the top of one's lungs

Covering the throat

обвїзывать/обвязђть гћрлоa Ni;
закрывђть/закрІть гћрлоa Ni 		to wrap N around one's neck.
NB N denotes a scarf, a kerchief, etc.
бІть [no Pf.] открІто: у Ng гћрлоn открІто N's throat is uncovered
Сегћдня вљтер, а у тебї гћрло открІто. It's windy today, and your neck is bare.

Other expressions

входќть/войтќ в вћдуa по гћрлоa to go into water up to one's neck
стоїть [no Pf.] по гћрлоa в водљp to stand in water up to one's neck
сидљть [no Pf.] по гћрлоa в водљp to sit in water up to one's neck
провђливаться/провалќться в Na по гћрлоa to sink into N up to one's neck
NB N denotes a swamp, mud, water, etc.

Sample texts

Головђ её былђ откќнута, и её открІтое гћрло бІло перед егћ глазђми... [Стругђцкие, Улќтка на склћне] Her head was thrown back and her open throat was there before his eyes... [A. and B. Strugatskiy, The Snail on the Slope]
— Зовќте, зовќте, — прочищђя гћрло кђшлем, приказђл прокурђтор... [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта. "Call him, call him," ordered the procurator, clearing his throat. [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]
Закрћй гћрло, а тћ простџдишься. Cover your throat or you'll catch cold.