головђ head

В ітот момљнт ћн почџвствовал сќльный удђр по головљ. At that moment he felt a heavy blow on the head.

Semantics

This entry is primarily concerned with the word головђ denoting the human head, though it may also refer to the head of an animal. No specific words or expressions exist for heads of animals. Common sense will dictate which of the expressions cannot be used to refer to animals. The word головђ is also used metonymically or metaphorically, in the sense of "the seat of reason": терїть гћлову "to lose one's common sense, to lose one's head," Интерљсная мІсль пришлђ мнљ в гћлову "An interesting idea occurred to me," in the sense of "good/bad memory": Головђ у менї плохђя стђла! "I can't remember things the way I used to," in the sense of "mental ability": У негћ прекрђсная головђ! "He has a good head on his shoulders," in the sense of "a bright or capable person": Петрћв — головђ! "Petrov is a real brain," and in the sense of "the front part of a group of people in motion": Ищќ егћ в головљ колћнны "Look for him at the head of the column." These meanings are not described here.

Morphology

головђ EE ASg. гћлову, NPlur. гћловы; f.in.noun
NB Irregular in phrases зђ голову [за гћлову is also possible] "behind one's head," etc.; нђ голову [на гћлову is also possible] "onto one's head," etc.; пћд голову [под гћлову is also possible] "under one's head," etc.; схватќться зђ голову (in the meaning "be horrified"); постђвить с нћг нђ голову "to turn upside down" (in a metaphorical sense); нђ голову вІше "head and shoulders above" (in a metaphorical sense); как снљг нђ голову "out of the blue."

Syntax

Syntactic actants

Actant 1: whose head it is
(a) Genitive
(b) Possessive
Ещё издалекђ ї увќдел кудрївую гћлову Натђши. While still a good distance away I caught sight of Natasha's curly head.
Егћ головђ былђ прђвильной фћрмы. He had a well-shaped head.
NB When the word головђ functions as a subject and does not have a descriptive modifier, the construction головђ у + Genitive is often preferred to (a) and (b), above:
Головђ у негћ былђ прђвильной фћрмы. He had a well-shaped head.

Lexical Relationships

Synonyms

башкђ Colloquial head
NB The above expression refers exclusively to human heads.

Diminutives

голћвка; голћвочка; головёнка; голћвушка Folklore head

Syntactic derivatives

головнћй head (as modifier)
головнђя бћль headache
головнћй убћр headgear, hat
-голћвый -headed
круглоголћвый round-headed

Parts

макџшка Colloquial crown of the head — the very top of the head
тљмя crown of the head — the part between the forehead and the top of the head
вискќ temples
лицћ face
џши ears
затІлок back of the head, occiput
Appearance

Size and shape; aesthetics

крџпная головђ; большђя головђ large head
большеголћвый having a large head
массќвная головђ large, massive head
головђстый Colloquial having a large head
NB The word головђстый is also used figuratively, in the sense of "intelligent, having a good head on one's shoulders."
мђленькая головђ; небольшђя головђ small head
крџглая головђ round head
круглоголћвый round-headed
квадрђтная головђ square head
вІтянутая головђ elongated head
плћская головђ; приплєснутая головђ flat head
яйцевќдная головђ egg-shaped head
шишковђтая головђ bumpy head, a head with lumps or bumps
лошадќная головђ large, elongated head, horse-like head
красќвая головђ pretty head
прекрђсная головђ beautiful head
головђ прђвильной фћрмы well-shaped head
порћдистая головђ aristocratic head
львќная головђ leonine head
NB The above expression usually refers to men's heads.
велќчественная головђ majestic head

Color and other properties related to the hair

чёрная головђ black hair
тёмная головђ dark hair
свљтлая головђ fair hair
рџсая головђ light-brown hair
свѓтло-рџсая головђ very light brown hair
т˜мно-рџсая головђ brown hair
рІжая головђ red hair
золотќстая головђ (or, more commonly, голћвка) golden hair
белокџрая головђ blond hair
седђя головђ grey hair
седоголћвый having grey hair
NB Although the adjectives каштђновый "chestnut" and пљпельный "ash-blond" are used with the word вћлосы "hair," they are not used with головђ.
брќтая головђ shaved head
бритоголћвый skin-head, having a shaved head
стрќженая головђ close-cropped hair
лІсая головђ; плешќвая головђ Colloquial bald head
лысљющая головђ balding head
лІсый; плешќвый Colloquial bald
лысљющий balding
кудрївая головђ curly head
всклокћченная головђ disheveled hair

Sensations and medical conditions

пылђть/запылђть [Pf-begin]: у Ng головђn пылђет;
горљть [no Pf.]: у Ng головђn горќт
N's head is burning
пылђющая головђ; горїщая головђ burning head, feverish head
горїчая головђ hot, feverish head
Мђть пощџпала гћлову сІна. "Ћй, какђя горїчая! У тебї температџра!" The mother felt her son's forehead. "Oh, it's so hot! You've got a temperature!"
приливђть/прилќть: у Ng крћвьn прилилђ к головљd;
бросђться/брћситься: крћвьn брћсилась Nd в гћловуa Bookish
the blood rushed to N's head
NB The expressions крћвь прилилђ к головљ and крћвь брћсилась в гћлову, above, often indicate that the subject is enraged.
Крћвь брћсилась мнљ в гћлову, ї бІл бћлее, нљжели раздосђдован. [А. Гљрцен, из письмђ] The blood rushed to my head; I was more than a little annoyed. [A. Hertzen, from a letter]
болљть/заболљть [Pf-begin]: у Ng головђn болќт N's head hurts
разболљться [no Impf.]: у Ng головђn разболљлась N got a bad headache
трещђть [no Pf.]: у Ng головђn трещќт Colloquial;
раскђлываться [no Pf.]: у Ng головђn раскђлывается (от бћлиg);
разлђмываться [no Pf.]: у Ng головђn разлђмывается (от бћлиg)
N's head is splitting, N has a splitting headache
головнђя бћль headache
Примќ таблљтку от головнћй бћли! Take a pill for your headache!
мигрљнь migraine
шумљть/зашумљть [Pf-begin]: у Ng шумќт в головљp N's head is buzzing
шџм в головљp buzzing in the head
гудљть/загудљть [Pf-begin]: у Ng гудќт в головљp; у Ng головђn гудќт N hears ringing in his head
гџл в головљp ringing in the head, ringing in the ears
тїжесть в головљp pressure, heaviness in the head
тяжёлая головђ; чугџнная головђ a head that feels heavy
головђ кђк пивнћй котёл a head that feels heavy because of a hangover (lit. "a head like a beer kettle")
мџтная головђ a feeling of dullness or confusion in the head
свљжая головђ clear head
Сегћдня встђл со свљжей головћй. This morning I got up with a clear head.
кружќться/закружќться: у Ng головђn крџжится N's head is spinning
головокружљние dizziness, giddiness

Inflicting and sustaining injuries; beheading

набивђть/набќть (себљd) шќшкуa на головљp;
сажђть/посадќть (себљd) шќшкуa на головљp
to get a bump/lump on one's head
шќшка на головљp lump on the head
царђпина на головљp scratch on the head
шрђм на головљp scar on the head
разбивђть/разбќть Nd/(себљd) гћловуa to crack/smash/bloody N's/one's head
разбќтая головђ smashed head, bloody head
стџкаться/стџкнуться головойi (о Na); to hit one's head (against N)
ударїться/удђриться головойi (о Na)
Тџт осторћжно — головћй мћжно стџкнуться. Be careful here — you could hit your head.
ударїть/удђрить Na по головљd to hit N in the head
NB The above expression usually indicates that the blow was inflicted intentionally.
Ћн с сќлой удђрил менї по головљ. He dealt me a severe blow to the head.
ударїть/удђрить Na в гћловуd to hit N in the head
NB The above expression usually describes the situation when the blow was inflicted accidentally.
Нелћвко повернџвшись, я удђрил Пљтю в гћлову. Turning clumsily, I hit Petya on the head.
бќть [no Pf.] Na по головљd to hit N on the head
перевїзывать/перевязђть Nd гћловуa;
забинтћвывать/забинтовђть Nd гћловуa
to bandage N's head
Вчерђ сІн пришёл с џлицы с разбќтой головћй. Перевязђла емџ гћлову, кђк моглђ, и повелђ в больнќцу. Yesterday my son came in with a bloody head. I bandaged his head as best I could, and took him to the hospital.
пробивђть/пробќть Nd гћловуa кђмнемi (or пђлкойi, etc.);
пролђмывать/проломќть Nd гћловуa кђмнемi (or пђлкойi, etc.)
to put a hole in N's skull with a rock (or stick, etc.)
пробќтая головђ a pierced skull
рђнить [no Impf.] Na в гћловуa to wound N in the head, to injure N in the head
рђна на головљp; ранљние в гћловуa head wound
размозжќть [no Impf.] Nd гћловуa to crush N's skull
обезглђвливать/обезглђвить Na to decapitate N
снимђть/снїть гћловуa Nd Bookish to take N's head off
отрубђть/отрубќть Nd гћловуa to cut N's head off
скђтываться/скатќться: головђn Ng скатќлась с плљчg Bookish;
слетђть/слетљть: головђn Ng слетљла с плљчg Bookish
N's head rolled (off his shoulders)
Через нљсколько днљй Нџньес де Бальбћа всхћдит на плђху; сверкнџл мљч палачђ, и головђ конквистадћра скатќлась с плљч. In a few days Nunez de Balboa went to the block; the executioner's sword flashed in the sun and the conquistador's head rolled.

Movements that express emotional, psychological, or physical states

опускђть/опустќть гћловуa to hang one's head
NB The above expression usually indicates sadness, shame, or embarrassment.
ронїть/уронќть гћловуa на грџдьa to let one's head drop to one's breast, to bow one's head
понџрить [no Impf.] гћловуa;
повљсить [no Impf.] гћловуa;
понќкнуть [no Impf.] головћйi
to hang one's head
NB The four expressions above usually indicate sadness.
ронїть/уронќть гћловуa на стћлa (or нђ рукиa) to drop one's head onto the table/into one's arms
Мђть рыдђла, уронќв гћлову нђ руки. Mother wept, her head cradled in her arms.
NB The above expression usually indicates grief.
бќться [no Pf.] головћйi о стљнуa to beat one's head against the wall
NB The above expression usually indicates despair.
бќть [no Pf.] себїa кулакћмi по головљp to beat oneself on the head with one's fist
NB The above expression indicates strong anger at oneself.
хватђться/схватќться за гћловуa (or зђ головуa) to seize one's head in one's hands
NB The above expression often indicates strong emotion, such as surprise, horror, or shock. It is also used figuratively, in the sense of "to suddenly see one's error."
чесђть/почесђть [Pf-awhile] в головљp to scratch one's head
NB The above expression often indicates a state of puzzlement or indecision.
качђть/покачђть головћйi to shake one's head
NB The above expression usually indicates disagreement, doubt, or disapproval.
Женђ... посмеїлась и покачђла головћй, как дљлают, когдђ дђже ничегћ и говорќть не хћчется на глџпость. [В. Шукшќн] [His] wife chuckled, and shook her head the way you do when you don't even want to respond to such nonsense. [V. Shukshin]
кивђть/кивнџть головћйi to nod one's head
NB The above expression usually indicates agreement.
Ћн слџшал и кивђл головћй. He listened, nodding.
тряхнџть [no Impf.] головћйi to nod firmly
NB The above expression describes a gesture that signals a decision just made, or preparation for some decisive action.
сидљть [no Pf.], (тяжелћ) подперљв гћловуa рукћйi to sit with one's head propped in one's hand
NB The above expression indicates mental anguish or deep thought.
втїгивать/втянџть гћловуa в плљчиa; to draw one's head into one's shoulders
вбирђть/вобрђть гћловуa в плљчиa
NB The above expressions indicate fear, embarrassment, shame, resignation, or that one feels chilly.
прижимђть/прижђть гћловуa Ng к грудќd to cradle N's head to one's breast
NB The gesture denoted by the above expression indicates that one is offering affection or consolation.
клђсть/положќть гћловуa Nd на грџдьa (or плечћa, колљниa etc.) to lay one's head on N's breast (or shoulder, knees, etc.)
NB The gesture denoted by the above expression indicates that one is seeking affection or consolation.
Он положќл гћлову на её колљни и вскћре заснџл. He put his head in her lap and immediately fell asleep.
пђдать/упђсть: головђn пђдает на грџдьa one's head sinks to one's chest
свљшиваться/свљситься: головђn свљсилась на грџдьa (or внќз) one's head has fallen to one's chest
NB The two expressions above indicate drowsiness or weakness.
дрожђть/задрожђть [Pf-begin]: у Ng головђn дрожќт;
трястќсь/затрястќсь [Pf-begin]: у Ng головђn трясётся
N's head shakes
NB The above two expressions indicate a condition arising from age or illness.

Other movements; carriage of the head

держђть [no Pf.] гћловуa (or голћвкуa) to hold one's head up
NB Said of a child.
Смотрќ, ћн ужљ голћвку дљржит. Look, he's already holding his head up.
поднимђть/поднїть гћловуa to raise one's head
наклонїть/наклонќть гћловуa to incline one's head, to bow one's head
Слугђ вІслушал приказђние и почтќтельно наклонќл гћлову. The servant listened as the order was given and bowed his head respectfully.
склонїть/склонќть гћловуa to bow one's head
Максќм склонќл массќвную седџю гћлову, помолчђл... [В. Шукшќн] Maxim bowed his massive grey head and fell silent... [V. Shukshin]
склонїть/склонќть гћловуa перед Ni to bow one's head before N, bow one's head to N
Отљц покћрно склонќл перед нљй своє седџю гћлову. Father submissively bowed his grey head to her.
поворђчивать/повернџть гћловуa (к Nd) to turn one's head (towards N)
отворђчивать/отвернџть гћловуa (от Ng) to turn one's head away (from N)
вертљть/завертљть [Pf-begin], повертљть [Pf-awhile] головћйi to turn one's head from side to side
запрокќдывать/запрокќнуть гћловуa (назђд);
откќдывать/откќнуть гћловуa (назђд);
закќдывать/закќнуть гћловуa (назђд);
to throw one's head back
задирђть/задрђть гћловуa (квљрху or к нљбуd)
Задрђв гћловы, всљ смотрљли ввљрх, на самолёт. [В. Аксёнов] They all threw their heads back, looking up at the airplane. [V. Aksenov]
встрїхивать/встряхнџть головћйi to toss one's head, to shake one's head
Вћлосы пђдали емџ в глазђ, и ћн тћ и дљло встрїхивал головћй. His hair kept falling in his eyes, and he was constantly shaking his head.
вскќдывать/вскќнуть гћловуa to throw one's head back suddenly
Лћшадь рљзко вскќнула гћлову. The horse threw its head up sharply.
держђть [no Pf.] гћловуa в рукђхp to hold one's head in one's hands
укрывђться/укрІться с головћйi to pull the blanket/sheet over one's head
закќдывать/закќнуть рџкиa зђ головуa to put one's hands behind one's head
окунђться/окунџться с головћйi to immerse oneself completely
Ћн с головћй окунџлся в холћдную вћду залќва. He immersed himself in the cold water of the bay.
NB The above expression is also used metaphorically to mean "to get immersed in work, a project, etc."
По возвращљнии из ћтпуска ћн с головћй окунџлся в рабћту. Upon his return from vacation, he threw himself completely into his work.
высћвывать/вІсунуть гћлову в окнћa (or из окнђg) to stick one's head out the window
удђр головћйi a head strike, a head shot (in soccer)
посђдка головІg the carriage of one's head
сидљть [no Pf.]: у Ng головђn прїмо (or гћрдо, etc.) сидќт на плечђхp N holds his head erect (or proudly, etc.), N's head sits straight (or proudly, etc.) on his shoulders
гћрдо посђженная головђ a head held proudly
В кћмнату вошлђ высћкая, стрћйная дљвушка, с гћрдо посђженной головћй. Into the room came a tall, slender girl, with her head held proudly.
высокћ (or прїмо) носќть [no Pf.] гћловуa to hold one's head high/erect
Ћн спокћйно шёл средќ улюлєкающей толпІ, высокћ несї своє велќчественную гћлову. He walked calmly in the midst of the mocking crowd, holding his majestic head high.

Headdress

открІтая головђ; непокрІтая головђ bare head, uncovered head
В іту цљрковь не пускђют жљнщин с непокрІтой головћй. Women with uncovered heads are not allowed into this church.
обнажђть/обнажќть гћловуa to bare one's head
NB Baring one's head usually indicates mourning.
обнажённая головђ bare head, uncovered head
На трђурном мќтинге, хотї дљнь бІл морћзный, всљ стоїли с обнажёнными головђми. Everyone at the memorial service was bareheaded in spite of the cold.
NB Apart from the colloquial expression с гћлой головћй "bareheaded," the adjective гћлая "naked, bare" is not used to denote a bare head, but can be used with other body parts, such as гћлые рџки "bare arms," нћги "feet; legs," плљчи "shoulders," шљя "neck," грџдь "chest," спинђ "back," живћт "stomach, belly."
носќть [no Pf.] шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на головљp to wear a hat (or fedora, cap, etc.) on one's head
надевђть/надљть шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на гћловуa (or нђ головуa);
натїгивать/натянџть шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на гћловуa (or нђ головуa);
напїливать/напїлить шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на гћловуa (or нђ головуa) Colloquial
to put a hat (or fedora, cap, etc.) on one's head
нахлобџчивать/нахлобџчить шђпкуa (or шлїпуa, кљпкуa, etc.) на гћловуa (or нђ головуa) Colloquial to pull one's hat (or fedora, cap, etc.) down in front
покрывђть/покрІть гћловуa to cover one's head
повїзывать/повязђть гћловуa платкћмi (or шђрфомi, etc.) to tie a scarf (or kerchief, etc.) on one's head
снимђть/снїть шђпкуa (or шлїпу, кљпку, etc.) с головІg to take one's hat (or fedora, cap, etc.) off of one's head

Washing one's hair

грїзная головђ dirty hair
чќстая головђ clean hair
мІть/вІмыть гћловуa to wash one's hair
NB The expression мІть гћлову, above, is much more common than мІть вћлосы "to wash one's hair," which is perceived as slightly substandard or formal (as used in the instructions on some shampoo labels, for example).
У менї головђ грїзная, нђдо её вІмыть. My hair is dirty, I have to wash it.

Other expressions

чесђть/почесђть гћловуa;
чесђть/почесђть в головљp
to scratch one's head
NB The above expressions indicate both literal head scratching and a gesture of puzzlement or indecision.
глђдить/поглђдить Na по головљd to stroke N's head, to pat N on the head.
Отљц посмотрљл моќ отмљтки и поглђдил менї по головљ. My father looked at my grades and gave me a pat on the head.
бІть [no Pf.] вІше Ng нђ головуa (or на гћловуa, or на двљa головІg, etc.) to be a head (or two heads, etc.) taller than N
Ћн вІше своегћ дрџга на двљ головІ. He's two heads taller than his friend.
NB The expression нђ голову вІше used metaphorically means "superior":
Ћн нђ голову вІше всљх нђших фќзиков. He's head and shoulders above all of our physicists.
осмђтривать/осмотрљть с головІg до нћгg to look over from head to toe, to look up and down
мћкрый с нћгg до головІg (or с головІg до нћгg, or с головІg до пїтg) soaked from head to toe
бросђться (Pf. брћситься) внќз головћйi to dive, to jump headfirst

Sample texts

На щџплом мђленьком тљле несоразмерќмо большђя головђ. Мћжет бІть, онђ и не такђя большђя, — нћ онђ тђк утрќрованно откќнута назђд на чересчџр тћнкой шље, тђк пІшно вьєтся и встаєт дІбом мїгкие рыжевђтые вћлосы.., тђк торчђт оттопІренные џши... [Г. Ивђнов, Петербџргские зќмы; о Мандельштђме] An incongruously large head sits on a small frail body. Perhaps the head isn't so large, but it's thrown back so dramatically, on such an extremely thin neck, and the soft reddish hair stands on end, forming such a bushy mass of curls, and the ears protrude so conspicuously... [G. Ivanov, Petersburg Winters, of Mandelshtam]
Мђленькая гћрдо вздёрнутая голћвка, удлинённые сѓро-зелёные глазђ, слегкђ прищџренные, їркий, чџвственно очљрченный рћт с пћднятыми уголкђми... [С. Макћвский, На Парнђсе Серљбряного вљка; о Зинаќде Гќппиус] A small head, thrown back proudly, elongated grey-green eyes, narrowed slightly, a bright red sensual mouth with turned-up corners... [S. Makovskij, On the Parnassus of the Silver Age, of Zinaida Gippius]
... с мђленькой головћй, сќльно вІтянутой, удлинённой; чертІ лицђ рљзкие, угловђтые. [Л. Гљндлин об Ќгоре Стравќнском] ... with a small head, extremely elongated; his facial features were sharp and angular. [L. Gendlin, of Igor' Stravinskiy]
Брћнька ронїет гћлову на грџдь, дћлго мћлча плђчет, оскђлился, скрипќт здорћвыми зубђми, мотђет безутљшно головћй. Поднимђет гћлову — лицћ в слезђх. [В. Шукшќн] Bron'ka drops his head to his chest and cries silently for a long time. Drawing his lips back, he grinds his strong, large teeth, shaking his head disconsolately. He raises his head — his face is covered with tears. [V. Shukshin]
Стёпа тќхо вздохнџл, повалќлся нђ бок, головћю стџкнулся о нагрљтый кђмень мћла. [М. Булгђков, Мђстер и Маргарќта] Steve gave a quiet sigh, rolled over on his side, and hit his head against the heated stone of the breakwater. [M. Bulgakov, Master and Margarita]
Ї вќдел, как ћн сидљл, тяжелћ подперљв гћлову рукћй и глїдя неподвќжными глазђми на эстрђду и чёрное плђтье Кђти. [Г. Газдђнов, НочнІе дорћги] I saw him sitting there with his head propped in his hand, looking with motionless eyes at the stage and at Katya's black dress. [G. Gazdanov, Night Roads]