Andrew Weber: Well there were a family of programs under the umbrella of the "Nunn-Lugar Program," which is formally known as the US Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction, or CTR Program and one of the early efforts was to employ a scientist who had worked on the Soviet weapons of mass-destruction programs. And so, two science centers were established: one in Moscow and eventually one in Kiev. International science centers that provided an opportunity for these experts to apply their skills to peaceful civilian purposes and to maintain their dignity and not work for, for unreliable countries or even terrorist groups.